In recent years, the idea of making public transport free across the European Union has gained traction1, backed by several compelling arguments. This article explores why implementing free public transport EU-wide is not only feasible but also beneficial from various perspectives.
The EU Right of Free Movement
The right to free movement is a fundamental principle of the European Union, enshrined in Article 21 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). This right allows EU citizens to live, work, and travel freely within the member states. By making public transport free, the EU would further enhance this right, enabling even greater mobility for its citizens. Such a measure would particularly benefit low-income individuals, ensuring that economic barriers do not impede their ability to move freely within the EU.
Declaration of Human Rights: Freedom of Travel and Movement
All EU countries have signed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights2, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948. This document includes the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state (Article 13). Providing free public transport aligns with this principle by removing financial barriers to travel, thus promoting equal access to transportation for all individuals, regardless of their economic status.
Reducing CO2 Emissions
One of the most significant environmental challenges facing the EU is the reduction of CO2 emissions. According to the European Environment Agency, the transport sector is responsible for around 25% of the EU’s total greenhouse gas emissions, with road transport accounting for the greatest share of that figure3. Making public transport free would encourage more people to use buses, trains, and trams instead of personal vehicles, thus significantly reducing carbon emissions. Studies have shown that public transport produces far fewer emissions per passenger kilometer compared to cars, making it an effective way to combat climate change.
A Pro-European Move
Implementing free public transport across the EU would be a strong pro-European statement, showcasing the unity and collaborative spirit of the member states. It would demonstrate the EU’s commitment to improving the quality of life for its citizens and addressing shared challenges such as climate change and social inequality. Such a move would likely increase public support for the EU, fostering a stronger sense of European identity and solidarity.
In contrast to the more symbolic and sometimes ineffective resolutions taken by the EU in recent years, such as the non-binding resolutions on environmental issues, the implementation of free public transport would have a tangible and immediate impact on the daily lives of EU citizens.
This pro-active approach would show the EU’s capability to enact policies that directly benefit its citizens. It would emphasize action over rhetoric, thereby reinforcing the EU’s role as a force for positive change in the lives of Europeans.
Luxembourg’s Success Story
Luxembourg, the first country in the world to make all public transport free on a national level, offers a successful model for the rest of the EU to follow. Since 29 February 2020, residents and visitors in Luxembourg have enjoyed free access to buses, trains, and trams. The policy, driven by the country’s small geographical size and strong financial position, has been well-received and serves as an example of how free public transport can be implemented effectively.
Conclusion
Implementing free public transport across the European Union is a bold yet feasible proposal that aligns with the EU’s core values and addresses several critical issues. By enhancing the right to free movement, supporting the principles of the Declaration of Human Rights, reducing CO2 emissions, and fostering a stronger sense of European unity, free public transport represents a forward-thinking solution for the EU. Above all, it would be a strong European move that could strenghthen the union, showcasing the unity and collaborative spirit of member states. Luxembourg’s success in implementing this policy serves as a testament to its potential benefits. It is time for the EU to take collective action and make public transport free for all its citizens.
- Deutsche Welle https://www.dw.com/en/free-public-transport-in-europe/a-62031236 ↩︎
- UN https://europe.ohchr.org/human-rights/what-are-human-rights/human-rights-europe ↩︎
- European Environment Agency https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/topics/in-depth/transport-and-mobility?activeTab=fa515f0c-9ab0-493c-b4cd-58a32dfaae0a ↩︎
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